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Birch Bark Biting When Merasty was
learning the art of birch bark biting, at first, she imagined each element of
the design in a step-by-step process as she was creating it, stopping
periodically to assess her progress. As she gained more experience, she was
able to visualize the entire image before biting into the bark, pausing only
after completing the entire design. Merasty's early
imagery reflects the symmetrical and geometrical works popular at that time in
the early 1900s. Later, she developed a highly personal style that included
floral variations, as well as zoomorphic images such as insects, butterflies,
hummingbirds, fish, rabbits, owls, ants, beavers and mice. Her precision and
creativity produced continuous and curvilinear perforations in works that
ranged in size from miniature three-inch squares to strips that measure
fourteen by 10 inches. Often, Merasty applied her
bark bitings as a decorative element to the outside
of bark containers. The Paper Birch, also known as the Canoe,
White or Silver Birch, was used extensively by Algonquian, Cree and Ojibwa
peoples for art, utilitarian and religious purposes. Midiwewin
scrolls were pictographic-style records in birchbark,
thinly inscribed using the points of deer antlers and sewn together. As memory
aids for religious beliefs, the scrolls were never revealed to non-Natives. In
the 1950s and 1960s, artists in northern Selection and preparation of the bark
requires much effort. Birch trees are chosen in the spring when the thawing
bark is supple enough to retain indentations. The bark must be knot-free with
thin layers, making the bark easier to peel. The best bark will have up to ten
layers, and usually five or six of these are suitable for biting. "Transparencies" are made by biting
into intricately folded sheets of specially prepared birch bark. A thin white
piece of bark is selected according to the prerequisites of the proposed
design. The bark is then folded in half and then in half again. Particular
folds are made for different designs, much like for papercuts.
Guiding the bark with her fingers, the artist bites along the folds, sometimes
changing the intensity of the bite to produce different shadings. This process
is repeated depending on the size or detail of the design. Pin-like
perforations constitute the design while the surface of the bark forms a
textured background. A bark "transparency" is complete only when held
up to the sun so that the bark warms to a golden hue and the hundreds of
perforations are infused with light. Angelique Merasty was
recognized and respected as a senior artist working in this medium. She
continues to be a source of inspiration for a younger generation of artists in
northern
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